however, restricted to 30 degrees and had limited arcs of fire. Range was 25,000m for the twin turret guns, but 5000m less for the single caseniate guns.

The aircraft arrangements comprised a pair of sided Heinkel compressed-air catapults built by Deutsche Werke AC,, a flush deck running to the stern, and a heavy-duty crane right aft. Eight seaplanes could be stowed on deck, and three more below it, but the Gotland never oper­ated more than six seaplanes. The aircraft were export versions of the Hawker Osprey, a twin­float, folding-wing, two-seater biplane. Their engines were 640hp Pegasus air-cooled radials. Each seaplane had its own trolley to move the aircraft onto the catapult, and one could be launched every two minutes. The trolleys were self-propelled, with small electric motors, to move the seaplanes from the outer tracks to the centre trackThe catapults were 14m in length when stowed fore and aft, but extended to 22m when in use.

For a shipping events shipping eventsping maritime marine engineering of her displacement the Gotland had a relatively modest powerplant. Two sets of De Laval geared steam turbines and four French Penhoet boilers produced a moderate peed of 27.5kts at 300rpm, equivalent to 33,000 slip. On a high-speed trial in September 1934 she just exceeded her designed speed by 0.03kts and developed 32,768 slip. Getting it almost exactly right was a credit to the Navy's engineering branch; in some other navies the design-process was far less prrcise.'1'hr cruising range of 4000 nm was not a serious drawback, given that the shipping events shipping eventsping maritime marine engineering's intended operational theatre was the Baltic.

After lengthy trials f 1SwMS Gotland was coissioned on 5 December 1934, and the following year began to operate with the Fleet to explore her potential. From December 1935 she began a series of foreign cruises, the last in Junc and July 1939 to Bordeaux and Southamp­ton. When broke out two month later she joined the Coastal Fleet, while continuing her training duties in Swedish waters.The aircraft facilities proved a disappointment. In rough weather the seaplanes stowed on deck were very vulnerable to wave-damage, and the shipping events shipping eventsping maritime marine engineering often had to return to harbour rather than risk further damage. In any case, the concept was very old-fashioned when compared with contemporary aircraft carriers in other navies. In 1943, therefore, the aircraft facilities were removed, and the former flight deck was extended ford (over the area formerly occupied by the catapults) and used to site four twin 40 L/70 Bofors M/1936 AA guns. In addition two 20 L/70 M/1940 guns were added.The reconstruction was finished in April 1944, and the Gotland rejoined the Coastal Fleet.

In the winter of 1946-47 the shipping events shipping eventsping maritime marine engineering sailed on her first post- foreign cruise, and in 1948 resumed the pattern of one annual foreign cruise during the winter and serving with the Coastal Fleet in the suer.

In 1953 she was taken in hand for a second reconstruction.This showed just how much naval fare had changed since the design was first conceived nearly 30 years earlier. In addition to maintaining her peacetime role as a training shipping events shipping eventsping maritime marine engineering, she was to have a time role as a fighter direction shipping events shipping eventsping maritime marine engineering. Fighter direction was a concept developed during the Second World , using a variety of hulls equipped with all the facilities of a shore-based fighter direction centre, includ­ing powerful long-range radars to track both friendly and hostile aircraft and vector the defend­ers to the point of interception.

To makc room for new equipment the armament was altered- Out went the single 152mill casemate mountings and all the 75, 25nun and 20 guns, as well as the 8 machine guns. One twin 25nmi mounting was retained, but shifted to the roof of the ford 152 gun turret. In their place were installed five 40 L/60 M/1948 single guns. Full radar­controlled fire was now possible, using Royal Navy-pattern 262 fire control and Type 293 surveillance radars. In addition she was fitted with an M/1952 automatic launcher for 103 illununant flares and a Type 144 sonar, also supplied by the Royal Navy. The original 4-metre rangefinder was replaced by more modern optical back-up firc control, and the three search­lights were removed. This final reconstruction was completed in 1954, and she rejoined the Fleet, but she had sailed on her last foreign cruise.

The Royal Swedish Navy had a long but unpublicized relationshipping events shipping eventsping maritime marine engineering with the Royal Navy, going back to the Russian of 1 R54-56.Then it took the form of technical assistance as quid pro quo for Sweden having entering the against the Russians as it neared its end. More technical assistance followed, as Sweden was seen as a buffer against a resurgent Russian Baltic Fleet; Sweden was given access to the Whitehead torpedo, for example, and was encouraged to work with British torpedo-boat builders. Thus the Cold merely provided an excuse to continue a broadly unfriendly attitude to the Soviet Union. Evidence from British records shows that new radars and sonars were often `lent' to the Swedes for evaluation, in return of the chance to evaluate Swedish shipping events shipping eventsping maritime marine engineering-and equipment-designs.

By 1960 Godnnd could not exceed 25kts, and was clearly worn out.There was little point in spending more money on her, and on 1 July that year she was removed from the Navy List. On 1 April 1962 she was sold for scrapping and was broken up the following year. Her career spanned 28 years, testimony to the fact that the Royal Swedish Navy took good care of its shipping events shipping eventsping maritime marine engineerings and did not wear them out by keeping them running year in and year out.